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+ +<div> +<div><strong><font size="4"><strong><font size="4"><span style= +"font-size: 13.5pt"><a href= +"http://www.techtribe.com/viewArticle.html?articleId=87faa38a-8fd1-102a-b6e2-000f1f68a9bf"> +<font color="#800080">SQL UNION, SQL INTERSECT, SQL EXCEPT, SQL EXISTS and SQL +CASE for Beginners</font></a></span></font></strong></font></strong></div> +<span id="content_tags"></span> +<div><span id="content_tags"> </span></div> +<div><strong><strong><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">SQL</span></font></strong></strong> +<strong><strong><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">UNION</span></font></strong></strong><font size= +"2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">,</span></font> <strong><strong><font size= +"2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">SQL +INTERSECT</span></font></strong></strong><font color="#000000" size= +"5"><span style="font-size: 16pt; color: black">,</span></font> +<strong><strong><font size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">SQL EXCEPT, SQL +EXISTS and SQL CASE</span></font></strong></strong></div> +<div><font size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Table1 </span></font></div> +<table style= +"border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse" +cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1"> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt"> </span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">C1</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">C2</span></font></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">1</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">A</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">B</span></font></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">2</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">A</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">C</span></font></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">3</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">A</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">D</span></font></div> +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<div><font size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Table2</span></font></div> +<table style= +"border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse" +cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1"> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt"> </span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">C1</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">C2</span></font></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">1</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">A</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">B</span></font></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">2</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">A</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">C</span></font></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">3</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">A</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">E</span></font></div> +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<div><strong><strong><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">SQL</span></font></strong></strong> +<strong><strong><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">UNION</span></font></strong></strong></div> +<div><font size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">The purpose of the SQL +<strong><strong>UNION</strong></strong> command is to combine the results of +two queries together. In this respect,</span></font> +<strong><strong><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">UNION</span></font></strong></strong> <font size= +"2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">is somewhat similar to <a target="_new" href= +"http://www.1keydata.com/sql/sqljoins.html"><strong><strong><font color= +"#000000"><span style= +"color: windowtext">JOIN</span></font></strong></strong></a> in that they are +both used to related information from multiple tables. One restriction +of</span></font> <strong><strong><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">UNION</span></font></strong></strong> <font size= +"2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">is that all corresponding columns need to be +of the same data type. Also, when using</span></font> +<strong><strong><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">UNION</span></font></strong></strong><font size= +"2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">, only distinct values are selected (similar +to <strong><strong>SELECT <a target="_new" href= +"http://www.1keydata.com/sql/sqldistinct.html"><font color= +"#000000"><span style= +"color: windowtext">DISTINCT</span></font></a></strong></strong>).</span></font></div> +<div><font size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">The purpose of the SQL +<strong><strong>UNION ALL</strong></strong> command is also to combine the +results of two queries together. The difference between <strong><strong>UNION +ALL</strong></strong> and</span></font> <strong><strong><font size= +"2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">UNION</span></font></strong></strong> +<font size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">is that, while</span></font> +<strong><strong><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">UNION</span></font></strong></strong> <font size= +"2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">only selects distinct values, +<strong><strong>UNION ALL</strong></strong> selects all +values.</span></font></div> +<div><font size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">The syntax is as +follows:</span></font></div> +<div><font size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">[SQL Statement +1]</span></font></div> +<div><font color="#0000FF" size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt; color: blue">UNION</span></font> <font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">[ALL]</span></font></div> +<div><font size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">[SQL Statement +2]</span></font></div> +<div style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; vertical-align: top"><font size= +"2"><span style="font-size: 10pt"> </span></font></div> +<div style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; vertical-align: top"><font size= +"2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">The following are basic rules for combining +the result sets of two queries by using</span></font> <font size= +"2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">UNION</span></font><font size= +"2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">:</span></font></div> +<div style= +"margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 30pt; vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-right: 22.5pt"> +<font size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">·</span></font><font size= +"1"><span style="font-size: 7pt"> </span></font> <font size= +"2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">The</span> <font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">number and the order of the columns must be the same in all +queries.</span></font></font></div> +<div style= +"margin-left: 30pt; vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.25in; margin-right: 22.5pt"> +<font size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">·</span></font><font size= +"1"><span style="font-size: 7pt"> </span></font> <font size= +"2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">The</span> <font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">data types must be compatible.</span></font></font></div> +<div style="vertical-align: top; margin-right: 22.5pt"><font size= +"2"><span style="font-size: 10pt"> </span></font></div> +<table style="border-collapse: collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" +border="0"> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td style= +"padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; width: 2.7in; padding-top: 0in" +valign="top" width="259"> +<div><font color="#0000FF" size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt; color: blue">SELECT</span></font> <font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">C1<font color="#808080"><span style= +"color: gray">,</span></font>C2 <font color="#0000FF"><span style= +"color: blue">FROM</span></font> T1</span></font></div> +<div><font color="#0000FF" size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt; color: blue">UNION</span></font></div> +<div><font color="#0000FF" size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt; color: blue">SELECT</span></font> <font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">C1<font color="#808080"><span style= +"color: gray">,</span></font>C2 <font color="#0000FF"><span style= +"color: blue">FROM</span></font> T2</span></font></div> +<div align="center"><font color="#0000FF" size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt; color: blue"> </span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; width: 189pt; padding-top: 0in" +valign="top" width="252"> +<div><font color="#0000FF" size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt; color: blue">SELECT</span></font> <font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">C1<font color="#808080"><span style= +"color: gray">,</span></font>C2 <font color="#0000FF"><span style= +"color: blue">FROM</span></font> T1</span></font></div> +<div><font color="#0000FF" size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt; color: blue">UNION</span></font> <font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt"><font color="#808080"><span style= +"color: gray">ALL</span></font></span></font></div> +<div><font color="#0000FF" size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt; color: blue">SELECT</span></font> <font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">C1<font color="#808080"><span style= +"color: gray">,</span></font>C2 <font color="#0000FF"><span style= +"color: blue">FROM</span></font> T2</span></font></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style= +"padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; width: 2.7in; padding-top: 0in" +valign="top" width="259"> +<div align="center"><em><strong><em><font size="2"><span style= +"font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt">Result:</span></font></em></strong></em></div> +<div align="center"><em><strong><em><font size="2"><span style= +"font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt"> </span></font></em></strong></em></div> +<table style= +"border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin-left: 59.95pt; border-left: medium none; border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse" +cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1"> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt"> </span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">C1</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">C2</span></font></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">1</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">A</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">B</span></font></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">2</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">A</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">C</span></font></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">3</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">A</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">D</span></font></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">4</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">A</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">E</span></font></div> +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +</td> +<td style= +"padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; width: 189pt; padding-top: 0in" +valign="top" width="252"> +<div align="center"><em><strong><em><font size="2"><span style= +"font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt">Result:</span></font></em></strong></em></div> +<table style= +"border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin-left: 57.35pt; border-left: medium none; border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse" +cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1"> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt"> </span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">C1</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">C2</span></font></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">1</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">A</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">B</span></font></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">2</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">A</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">C</span></font></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">3</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">A</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">D</span></font></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">4</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">A</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">B</span></font></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">5</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">A</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">C</span></font></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">6</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">A</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">e</span></font></div> +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<div><font color="#0000FF" size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt; color: blue"> </span></font></div> +<div><font color="#0000FF" size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt; color: blue"> </span></font></div> +<div style="vertical-align: top; line-height: 140%"><strong><strong><font size= +"2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 140%"> </span></font></strong></strong></div> +<div style="vertical-align: top; line-height: 140%"><strong><strong><font size= +"2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 140%">SQL +INTERSECT</span></font></strong></strong></div> +<div><font size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Similar to the +<strong><strong>UNION</strong></strong> command, +<strong><strong>INTERSECT</strong></strong> also operates on two SQL +statements. The difference is that, while</span></font> +<strong><strong><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">UNION</span></font></strong></strong> <font size= +"2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">essentially acts as an +<strong><strong>OR</strong></strong> operator (value is selected if it appears +in either the first or the second statement), the +<strong><strong>INTERSECT</strong></strong> command acts as an +<strong><strong>AND</strong></strong> operator (value is selected only if it +appears in both statements). Returns distinct values by comparing the results +of two queries.</span></font></div> +<div style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; vertical-align: top; line-height: 140%"> +<font size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 140%">INTERSECT +returns any distinct values that are returned by both the query on the left and +right sides of the INTERSECT operand.</span></font></div> +<div style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; vertical-align: top; line-height: 140%"> +<font size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 140%">The basic rules +for combining the result sets of two queries that use INTERSECT are the +following:</span></font></div> +<div style= +"margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 30pt; vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 140%; margin-right: 22.5pt"> +<font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 140%">·</span></font><font size="1"><span style= +"font-size: 7pt; line-height: 140%"> </span></font> <font size= +"2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 140%">The</span> <font size= +"2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 140%">number and the order of +the columns must be the same in all queries.</span></font></font></div> +<div style= +"margin-left: 30pt; vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 140%; margin-right: 22.5pt"> +<font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 140%">·</span></font><font size="1"><span style= +"font-size: 7pt; line-height: 140%"> </span></font> <font size= +"2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 140%">The</span> <font size= +"2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 140%">data types must be +compatible.</span></font></font></div> +<div><font size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">The syntax is as +follows:</span></font></div> +<div><font size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">[SQL Statement +1]</span></font></div> +<div><font color="#0000FF" size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt; color: blue">INTERSECT</span></font></div> +<div><font size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">[SQL Statement +2]</span></font></div> +<div style="vertical-align: top; line-height: 140%; margin-right: 22.5pt"> +<font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 140%"> </span></font></div> +<div><font color="#0000FF" size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt; color: blue">SELECT</span></font> <font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">C1<font color="#808080"><span style= +"color: gray">,</span></font>C2 <font color="#0000FF"><span style= +"color: blue">FROM</span></font> T1</span></font></div> +<div><font color="#0000FF" size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt; color: blue">INTERSECT</span></font></div> +<div><font color="#0000FF" size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt; color: blue">SELECT</span></font> <font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">C1<font color="#808080"><span style= +"color: gray">,</span></font>C2 <font color="#0000FF"><span style= +"color: blue">FROM</span></font> T2</span></font></div> +<div><em><strong><em><font color="#4A433D" size="2"><span style= +"font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #4a433d">Result:</span></font></em></strong></em></div> +<table style= +"border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse" +cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1"> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt"> </span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">C1</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">C2</span></font></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">1</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">A</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">B</span></font></div> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">2</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">A</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">C</span></font></div> +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<div style="vertical-align: top; line-height: 140%; margin-right: 22.5pt"> +<strong><strong><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 140%">Note:</span></font></strong></strong> +<font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 140%"><strong><strong>INTERSECT</strong></strong> +will work only in SQL 2005.</span></font></div> +<font size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 140%"><br clear= +"all"></span></font> +<div style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; vertical-align: top; line-height: 140%"> +<strong><strong><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 140%">SQL +EXCEPT</span></font></strong></strong></div> +<div><font size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">The +<strong><strong><span>EXCEPT</span></strong></strong> (MINUS) operates on two +SQL statements.</span> <font size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">It takes +all the results from the first SQL statement, and then subtract out the ones +that are present in the second SQL statement to get the final answer. If the +second SQL statement includes results not present in the first SQL statement, +such results are ignored.</span></font></font></div> +<div style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; vertical-align: top; line-height: 140%"> +<font size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 140%">EXCEPT returns +any distinct values from the left query that are not also found on the right +query.</span></font></div> +<div style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; vertical-align: top; line-height: 140%"> +<font size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 140%">The basic rules +for combining the result sets of two queries that use EXCEPT are the +following:</span></font></div> +<div style= +"margin-bottom: 3.75pt; margin-left: 30pt; vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 140%; margin-right: 22.5pt"> +<font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 140%">·</span></font><font size="1"><span style= +"font-size: 7pt; line-height: 140%"> </span></font> <font size= +"2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 140%">The</span> <font size= +"2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 140%">number and the order of +the columns must be the same in all queries.</span></font></font></div> +<div style= +"margin-left: 30pt; vertical-align: top; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: 140%; margin-right: 22.5pt"> +<font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 140%">·</span></font><font size="1"><span style= +"font-size: 7pt; line-height: 140%"> </span></font> <font size= +"2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 140%">The</span> <font size= +"2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 140%">data types must be +compatible.</span></font></font></div> +<div><font size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">The syntax is as +follows:</span></font></div> +<div><font size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">[SQL Statement +1]</span></font></div> +<div><font color="#0000FF" size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt; color: blue">EXCEPT</span></font></div> +<div><font size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">[SQL Statement +2]</span></font></div> +<div><font size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt"> </span></font></div> +<div><font color="#0000FF" size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt; color: blue"> </span></font></div> +<div><font color="#0000FF" size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt; color: blue">SELECT</span></font> <font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">C1<font color="#808080"><span style= +"color: gray">,</span></font>C2 <font color="#0000FF"><span style= +"color: blue">FROM</span></font> T1</span></font></div> +<div><font color="#0000FF" size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt; color: blue">EXCEPT</span></font></div> +<div><font color="#0000FF" size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt; color: blue">SELECT</span></font> <font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">C1<font color="#808080"><span style= +"color: gray">,</span></font>C2 <font color="#0000FF"><span style= +"color: blue">FROM</span></font> T2</span></font></div> +<div><em><strong><em><font color="#4A433D" size="2"><span style= +"font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #4a433d"> </span></font></em></strong></em></div> +<div><em><strong><em><font color="#4A433D" size="2"><span style= +"font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #4a433d">Result:</span></font></em></strong></em></div> +<table style= +"border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse" +cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1"> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt"> </span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">C1</span></font></div> +</td> +<td style= +"border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0in; border-left: medium none; padding-top: 0in; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid"> +<div align="center"><font size="2"><span style= +"font-size: 10pt">C2</span></font></div> +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<div><font size="2"> </font></div> +<div><font size="2"> </font></div> +</div>